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Paper Title
Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan
Authors
Nagmeldein Elzain Ali , Elmugdad , A. A., Mustafa Mohammed Osman
Keywords
Chromite rocks, Uranium, Thorium, Potassium
Abstract
This paper describes the results of a radiological survey for the purpose to determine the level Radioactivity concentration in chromite rocks for establishing a basic database of radioactive elements in rocks. Herein, we focus on analyzing radioactivity indices in thirty samples of Chromite rocks have been collected from different locations in Blue Nile State, twenty samples representative Gerri mountain area, and ten samples Gam mountain area respectively. As such, the data provide the basis for a reference map to detect emissions or a significant increase in radiation level in the region. Rocks radioactivity were measured by gamma ray spectrometer using an efficiency NaI (Tl) detector. The comparison between two locations is used by independent t-test. The activity concentrations of three natural radionuclides namely 226Ra, 232Th and 40K has been determined. They results showed that these radionuclides were present in average activity concentration of (6.05±6.22, 6.27±6.7 and 50.97±74.47Bq/kg) respectively, these results were lower than the worldwide levels. The average absorbed dose rate (DR) was 8.8±9.76 nGy.hr-1, the average Annual Effective Dose equivalent (AEDE) was 0.01±0.01mSv. y-1. The Radium Equivalent activity concentration (Raeq) was 19.12±20.8 Bq/kg. Hex 0.08±0.14 and Hin 0.16±0.04 for all rock samples of chromite of both area, these results were does not poses any risks, as evidenced by the values of the external hazard (Hex), absorbed dose rate D(nGy.hr-1, radium equivalent (Raeq), and Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) indices (all values were less than recommended levels for worldwide and some countries). However the concentration means of the 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in Garri Mountain has highly significantly (P≤ 0.01) over that of the Gam Mountain.
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IJRTI — journal style
"Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan", IJRTI - International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol.8, Issue 2, page no.507 - 515, February-2023, Available :https://ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2302085.pdf
APA — 7th edition
Ali, N. E., Elmugdad, & A. A., M. M. O. (2023). Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan. International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, 8(2), 507 - 515. https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI2302085
MLA — 9th edition
Ali, Nagmeldein Elzain, et al. "Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan." International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, vol. 8, no. 2, 2023, pp. 507 - 515, https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI2302085.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
Ali, Nagmeldein Elzain, Elmugdad, and Mustafa Mohammed Osman A. A. "Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan." International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation 8, no. 2 (2023): 507 - 515. https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI2302085.
Harvard — author–date
Ali, N.E., Elmugdad and A. A., M.M.O. (2023) 'Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan', International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, 8(2), pp. 507 - 515. Available at: https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI2302085
IEEE — numbered reference
N. E. Ali, Elmugdad and M. M. O. A. A., "Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan," IJRTI, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 507 - 515, Feb. 2023.
Vancouver — biomedical
Ali NE, Elmugdad, A. A. MMO. Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan. IJRTI. 2023 Feb;8(2):507 - 515.
AMA — 11th edition
Ali NE, Elmugdad, A. A. MMO. Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan. IJRTI. 2023;8(2):507 - 515. Accessed at https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI2302085
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJRTI2302085,
author = {Nagmeldein Elzain Ali and Elmugdad and Mustafa Mohammed Osman A. A.},
title = {Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan},
journal = {International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {507 - 515},
year = {2023},
month = {February},
issn = {2456-3315},
url = {https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI2302085}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - Ali, Nagmeldein Elzain
AU - Elmugdad
AU - A. A., Mustafa Mohammed Osman
TI - Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Elements in Chromite Rocks in Blue Nile State South of Sudan
T2 - International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
JA - IJRTI
VL - 8
IS - 2
PY - 2023
SN - 2456-3315
UR - https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI2302085
SP - 507
EP - 515
ER -
Issue
Volume 8 Issue 2,
February-2023
Pages : 507 - 515
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID
IJRTI_185272
Published Paper ID
IJRTI2302085
Downloads
205,624
Research Area
Other
Country
-, -, Sudan
Published
February 2023
Published Paper PDF
https://ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2302085.pdf
Published Paper URL
https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI2302085
About Publisher
International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
Published by IJRTI (JW Publication)
2456-3315
ISSN
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Declarations
Funding
No external funding was received for this study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the reviewers and the editorial board of International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation for their careful reading and constructive comments, and all colleagues who supported the preparation of this manuscript.
