Novel iron formulations for the treatment of Iron deficiency and Iron deficiency anemia

Shahanaz parveen Shaik , Sai kiran Attuluri , Prerna Saini

‘Novel iron preparations’, ‘Ferric carboxy maltose’, ‘Ferric derisomaltose’, ‘Sucrosomial iron’, ‘Ferric citrate’, ‘Ferric maltol' and ‘Liposomal iron’.

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are one of the major public health problems affecting the quality of life and contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in the patient population. One of the major obstacles in the treatment of iron deficiency is non adherence to the treatment. Current literature further identifies the side effects of the current iron formulations as the main reason contributing to non adherence and treatment failure, hence making it an urgent need to identify newer drugs with less side effects. We have conducted a thorough literature search using Pubmed and Google Scholar and identified four oral and two intravenous iron preparations that yielded the maximum amount of published information. Then a second detailed analysis and information gathering was done on each identified iron preparation focussing on their efficacy and side effect profile.Finally, in this review we reconciled data from over 100 articles within the last ten years to compose subsections with information on each drug. Keywords used were ‘Novel iron preparations’, ‘Ferric carboxy maltose’, ‘Ferric derisomaltose’, ‘Sucrosomial iron’, ‘Ferric citrate’, ‘Ferric maltol' and ‘Liposomal iron’. Data suggests that Oral formulations such as ferric maltol, sucrosomial iron and liposomal iron are associated with fewer side effects when compared to the conventional drugs. Whereas ferric citrate with its action on FGF 23 helps in the treatment of not only iron deficiency with or without anemia but also hyperphosphatemia in Chronic kidney disease. The gastrointestinal side effects of ferric citrate are higher when compared to the current iron medications. Intravenous formulations such as ferric carboxy maltose and ferric der isomaltose have shown to be effective in quickly correcting the iron levels and require lower doses when compared to other IV formulations. In conclusion Liposomal and sucrosomial iron are the most effective oral formulations in terms of efficacy, absorption, associated with lower gastrointestinal side effect profile. Ferric citrate can be used in chronic kidney disease due to its favorable action on FGF 23 and phosphate levels. Ferric carboxy maltose and der isomaltose are intravenous formulations useful in cases requiring quick action and lower absorption or tolerance to oral iron.

Volume 8 Issue 9, September-2023

Pages : 445 - 461