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ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
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| Paper Title: | The Concept of Soul (Atma) in Indian and Western Philosophy - A Review |
| Authors Name: | Dipu Paul |
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IJRTI_205769
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| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2508083 |
| Published In: | Volume 10 Issue 8, August-2025 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | What is the soul ? Is there any thing called soul ? These are very controversial questions and these questions always spark debate in philosophy. Different sect or school of Indian philosophy in particular have sometimes agreed and sometimes disagreed about the soul (self). For example Carvakas and Buddhist do not believe in the existence of an eternal soul, but the other schools of Indian philosophy (like Nyaya-Vaisesika school) do believe in the existence of an eternal or permanent soul. In the Upanishads we also find the discussion of the soul (self). The Carvaka do not accept the existence of an eternal soul (self). What people means by soul is nothing but a conscious living body (caitanyavisita deha eva ātma).This conscious living body is composed of four elements ( Ksiti, Ap, Tej, Marut). Even if the body is destroyed, the soul is not destroyed along with the body, rather the soul assumes a new body, such statements of the Nyaya philosophers were strongly criticized by the Carvakas. According to them, when the body is destroyed, the soul is also destroyed along with the body. Some Greek philosophers argued that, the soul (self) was the substance that gave life to the body. Christian theology, which believed in life after death, naturally adopted Plato's concept of the soul. But in the thirteenth century, Saint Thomas Aquinas attempted to create a modified Aristotelian concept to accommodate Christian doctrine. Aquinas argued that the soul (self) was indeed a form, but a special kind of form, which could exist temporarily apart from the body to which it was naturally connected . Aristotle focused on the soul as the essence of a person's being, especially through his intellect and powers of reason. German Philosopher Immanuel Kant concentrating on the transcendental ego, the organizing principle of experience that allows for the unity of consciousness. Plato believed in the existence of a soul or self that was separate from the physical body and could exist independently after death. The question is, does the soul really exist? Is everything over after death? This is a question of science too. Many scientists think, yes, there is a soul. Everything does not end after human death. The body dies, not consciousness. |
| Keywords: | Ātma (Soul), Ātmavādins, Brahman, Chetanā (Consciousness), Karma, Transcendental ego |
| Cite Article: | "The Concept of Soul (Atma) in Indian and Western Philosophy - A Review", International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.10, Issue 8, page no.a682-a688, August-2025, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2508083.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000735 |
| ISSN: |
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
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Published Paper ID: IJRTI2508083
Registration ID:205769
Published In: Volume 10 Issue 8, August-2025
DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Page No: a682-a688 Country: Jalpaiguri, West Bengal , India Research Area: Arts Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2508083 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2508083 |
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