 |
International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 8.14 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(DOI)
|
Issue: February 2026
Volume 11 | Issue 2
Review Result and Publication of Paper within : 2-3 days
Click Here For more DetailsFor Authors
Forms / Download
Published Issue Details
Editorial Board
Other IMP Links
Facts & Figure
Impact Factor : 8.14
Issue per Year : 12
Volume Published : 11
Issue Published : 117
Article Submitted : 21318
Article Published : 8476
Total Authors : 22301
Total Reviewer : 802
Total Countries : 156
Indexing Partner
Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
|
Published Paper Details
|
|
| Paper Title: | Robust Digital Image Watermarking Enhanced Through Particle Swarm Optimization |
| Authors Name: | Ms. Umadevi V. Shintre , Dr. Mrs. P. P. Belagali |
| Download E-Certificate: | Download |
| Author Reg. ID: |
IJRTI_208668
|
| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2512103 |
| Published In: | Volume 10 Issue 12, December-2025 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | Digital image watermarking is an essential technique for ensuring copyright protection, proving ownership, and preventing tampering of digital media. Traditional watermarking methods, whether spatial-domain or transform-domain, often struggle to strike an optimal compromise between two core requirements: robustness (resistance to attacks) and imperceptibility (visual quality of the watermarked image). This difficulty is often attributed to the use of a fixed, manually set scaling factor (phi) during embedding, which may not be appropriate for diverse images or various attack scenarios. This paper presents a robust, non-blind hybrid image watermarking technique that integrates Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), which is then dynamically optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The PSO algorithm is employed to automatically identify the optimal scaling factor (phi), which maximizes a fitness function defined by balancing the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) for visual quality and the Normalized Correlation (NC) for watermark recovery accuracy. The proposed methodology involves using DWT for initial host image decomposition, followed by applying DCT and SVD to specific DWT sub-bands, while SVD is also applied to the watermark to extract its vital components. The watermark is embedded by modifying the singular values, guided by the optimal phi determined by PSO. The expected results indicate that the PSO-based adaptive system achieves high PSNR and NC values, delivering stronger, more reliable performance and accurate watermark recovery. |
| Keywords: | Keywords: Digital Watermarking, Hybrid Watermarking, DWT, DCT, SVD, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Robustness, Imperceptibility, Scaling Factor. |
| Cite Article: | "Robust Digital Image Watermarking Enhanced Through Particle Swarm Optimization", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.10, Issue 12, page no.b31-b40, December-2025, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2512103.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000112 |
| ISSN: |
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
| Publication Details: |
Published Paper ID: IJRTI2512103
Registration ID:208668
Published In: Volume 10 Issue 12, December-2025
DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Page No: b31-b40 Country: Sangli, Maharashtra, India Research Area: Engineering Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2512103 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2512103 |
| Share Article: | |
|
Click Here to Download This Article |
|
| Article Preview | |
|
|
|
Major Indexing from www.ijrti.org
| Google Scholar | ResearcherID Thomson Reuters | Mendeley : reference manager | Academia.edu |
| arXiv.org : cornell university library | Research Gate | CiteSeerX | DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DRJI | Index Copernicus International | Scribd | DocStoc |
ISSN Details
 |
 |
|
ISSN: 2456-3315
Impact Factor: 8.14 and ISSN APPROVED,
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2016
DOI (A digital object identifier)
| Providing A digital object identifier by DOI.ONE How to Get DOI? |
Conference
Open Access License Policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Important Details
Join RMS/Earn 300
WhatsApp
Click Here
Click Here
Indexing Partner |
|||
| Copyright © 2026 - All Rights Reserved - IJRTI | |||