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Ethnobotany is the study of the relationship between plants and people, especially how indigenous communities use plants for food, medicine, and cultural practices. Medicinal plants form the backbone of traditional healthcare in many rural and tribal regions of the world. Studies show that a large portion of the world population still depends on herbal medicines, highlighting the global relevance of indigenous plant knowledge. The paper discusses the historical development of ethnomedicine, global and Indian diversity of medicinal plants, research methodologies, plant parts used, preparation methods, and major disease categories treated using herbal remedies. It further highlights the critical role of ethnobotanical knowledge in modern drug discovery, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable healthcare systems. Special emphasis is given to socio-cultural significance, conservation strategies, ethical concerns, intellectual property rights, and the urgent need to document and preserve traditional knowledge threatened by modernization, habitat loss, and climate change. The review also explores the integration of indigenous knowledge with modern pharmacology and sustainable development goals (SDGs). Ethnobotanical knowledge not only supports low-cost healthcare but also provides promising leads for novel drug discovery and ecosystem conservation. The study concludes that preserving and scientifically validating indigenous plant knowledge is essential for sustainable development, future healthcare innovation, and biodiversity protection.
Keywords:
Ethnobotany, Indigenous knowledge, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine, Sustainable healthcare
Cite Article:
"Exploring Indigenous Pharmacology Through Ethnobotany: A Review", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol.11, Issue 5, page no.c512-c520, May-2026, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2604333.pdf
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ISSN:
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator