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International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
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ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
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Volume 11 | Issue 6
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Impact Factor : 8.14
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| Paper Title: | Identity, Marginality, and Parallel Power: Urban Slum Structures and Organised Crime Through the Lens of the Varadarajan Mudaliar Syndicate |
| Authors Name: | Riya , Harmandeep Kaur |
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IJRTI_211786
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| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2604239 |
| Published In: | Volume 11 Issue 4, April-2026 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | The Indian urban slum in the post-independent period has been frequently envisioned as a space of chaos, but closer inspection shows it is an intricate space of identity, culture, and power that creates its own governing structures. This paper examines the history of the Varadarajan Mudaliar syndicate in Bombay, a case of the 1960s-1980s, not as a historical event in the history of crime but as a case study of how the state partially failed to reestablish political power in the Indian city, with marginality and migration playing a leading role in reshaping political power. Using sources such as literature on the Mumbai underworld, and legal documents, the study places the Mudaliar gang in the context of a demographic shift of Dharavi and Matunga, which are filled by Tamil migrants who are left out of formal housing, employment, and welfare systems. Vardhabhai, a bootlegging, gambling, real estate, and community patronage-based parallel order constructed by Varadarajan Mudaliar, commonly known as Vardhabhai, established alliances with politicians, police officers, and local people. This study contends that his syndicate was a de facto sovereign, offering housing arbitration, festival patronage and dispute resolution, thus transforming a criminal business into a moral economy of survival. It also interacts with the Indian legislative reaction, such as the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, 1999, the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 and the provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, to determine whether modern law responds sufficiently to the structural circumstances that generate such syndicates. The research concludes that organised crime in Indian cities is not an aberration, but a symptom of greater inequalities in citizenship, and that future syndicates cannot be eliminated without a concerted effort that includes both legal reform, urban policy and social inclusion. |
| Keywords: | Urban Marginality, Organised Crime, Parallel Sovereignty, Dharavi, Vote-Bank Politics, Varadarajan Mudaliar, Legal Frameworks |
| Cite Article: | "Identity, Marginality, and Parallel Power: Urban Slum Structures and Organised Crime Through the Lens of the Varadarajan Mudaliar Syndicate", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol.11, Issue 4, page no.b738-b742, April-2026, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2604239.pdf |
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| ISSN: |
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
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Published Paper ID: IJRTI2604239
Registration ID:211786
Published In: Volume 11 Issue 4, April-2026
DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Page No: b738-b742 Country: Mohali, Punjab, India Research Area: Social Science and Humanities Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2604239 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2604239 |
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ISSN: 2456-3315
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