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Fluoride exists fairly abundantly in the earth’s crust and enter groundwater through natural process. Low levels of fluoride are required for humans as it has beneficial effects on tooth and bone structures. However, ingestion of excessive fluorides, mainly through drinking water causes dental, skeletal and non skeletal fluorosis. Long term ingestion of excessive fluoride has a chronic effect on the kidneys as well, the optimum level suggested by WHO is 0.7 ppm from infancy to 16 years of age. According to the WHO, the maximum acceptable concentration of fluoride ions in drinking water is 1.5ppm, to prevent dental and skeletal fluorosis .
Dental fluorosis, also called mottling of tooth enamel, is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel caused by excessive exposure to high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development. The risk of fluoride overexposure occurs at any age but it is higher at younger ages. In its mild forms (which are its most common), fluorosis often appears as unnoticeable, tiny white streaks or specks in the enamel of the tooth. In its most severe form, tooth appearance is marred by discoloration or brown markings. The enamel may be pitted, rough and hard to clean. The spots and stains left by fluorosis are permanent and may darken
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It is considered that probable source of high fluoride in Indian waters is that during raining and circulation of water in rocks and soils, fluorine is leached out and dissolved in groundwater. The fluoride content of groundwater varies greatly depending on the
Cite Article:
"Removal of Fluoride from water of Jaipur city by using Industrial Wastes A Green Approach", International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.7, Issue 10, page no.1026 - 1030, October-2022, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2210126.pdf
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2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator