 |
International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 8.14 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(DOI)
|
Issue: May 2025
Volume 10 | Issue 5
Review Result and Publication of Paper within : 2-3 days
Click Here For more DetailsFor Authors
Forms / Download
Published Issue Details
Editorial Board
Other IMP Links
Facts & Figure
Impact Factor : 8.14
Issue per Year : 12
Volume Published : 10
Issue Published : 108
Article Submitted : 15074
Article Published : 6744
Total Authors : 18064
Total Reviewer : 658
Total Countries : 121
Indexing Partner
Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
|
Published Paper Details
|
|
| Paper Title: | Clinical profile of patients with pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis - A Cross Sectional study. |
| Authors Name: | Dr Mohd Javed Khan , Dr Rajesh Agrawal , Dr Rishi Kumar Saini , Naveen Sangwan , Prashanth Gunda |
| Download E-Certificate: | Download |
| Author Reg. ID: |
IJRTI_190437
|
| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2411002 |
| Published In: | Volume 9 Issue 11, November-2024 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | Background: One of the main causes of death in entire world and a communicable disease, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the significant contributor to poor health. Prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, tuberculosis (TB) was the most common infectious disease to cause death, surpassing human immune deficiency virus (HIV/AIDS).1 WHO published its Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 on October 27. The document presents a comprehensive a global assessment of TB burden according to data supplied by 202 nations and territories, which account for more than 99% of the world's population and tuberculosis cases. The World Health Organization's Global Tuberculosis Report serves as a harsh reminder that tuberculosis now kills nearly twice as many people per day than COVID-19. The World Health Assembly adopted WHO's End TB Strategy in 2014, with an 80% reduction in tuberculosis incidence by 2030 as part of UN Sustainable Development Goal 3, which includes eliminating the worldwide tuberculosis epidemic. We are far from achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal aim of ending the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030, as Michel Gasana (WHO, Congo) noted.1 A patient who has microbiological diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), based on positive microscopy, culture or a validated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test or with strong clinical suspicion & other evidence of EPTB, such as compatible image finding, histological findings, ancillary diagnostic test or response to anti-TB treatment is known as EPTB.2 AIM: To study clinical profile of patients with pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES: The specific objectives of the studies were as follows: 1To know clinico-epidemiological profile of diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. 2)To assess clinical profile and diagnose extra pulmonary tuberculosis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methodology: This study was conducted in Department of Respiratory medicine , RMCH after taking approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and consent from the patients who were clinically diagnosed with TB and EPTB were taken. A well informed written consent was taken prior to the study. History and examination done was recorded on a proforma prepared for the study. A detailed history taken from guardian was written down. Detail general and respiratory system examinations were done and recorded on the proforma. • Detailed clinical history (Fever, cough, loss of appetite, loss of weight and haemoptysis.), physical examination and sputum examination was done in all IPD and OPD patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and patients whose radiological and microbiological evidence consistent with active tuberculosis. • In patients with non-productive sputum, Bronchoscopy was done and BAL sample was evaluated for Mycobacterium. • HIV testing and Random blood sugar testing was done in all the patients. • All the patients were sent to the respective department for detailed clinical examination & evaluation of each system for EPTB in active pulmonary TB patients (clinic radiological, sputum). • Such EPTB patients’ were followed up and a record was maintained. • In case of sign and symptom suggestive of any system involvement, specific tests were done. Results: In our study, clinical symptoms such as cough, expectoration, haemoptysis, fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, loss of appetite and weight loss were common in many patients. But non of the clinical symptoms were having statistical significant association with TB cases (p-value was more than 0.05). In present study, hypertension was present in 27 cases, diabetes was present in 44 cases, COPD was present in 10 cases, HIV was present in 1 case. However no significant correlation was there between TB and above mentioned comorbidities. People with DM have a two-to four-fold increased chance of having active TB, and as many as thirty percent of those with TB also likely have DM. While most individual studies show a link between the two i.e. HIV and EPTB, the substantial variability and danger of bias present in these studies indicate the need for more Prospective cohort studies that are well-designed to evaluate the true risk of EPTB in HIV-infected patients. Many abnormalities were detected on Chest x-ray in our study such as opacities mainly in upper zone, patchy or nodular opacities, presence of a cavity or cavities, presence of a cavity or cavities, B/L opacities especially if in upper zones, Opacities that persist after several weeks and effusion. These findings were more common in PTB cases than EPTB cases. The p-value is <0.05, hence there is strong significant association of CHEST X RAY with TB cases. To meet the goals outlined in the WHO's End TB Strategy, chest radiography is a vital tool for early identification of tuberculosis. In present study, there was no correlation of CSF examination with TB cases (p-value was more than 0.05). In our study, TBM was present in 3 cases. In all cases of TBM, headache was present >14 days (p-value<0.05) and Altered Sensorium was present (p-value<0.05). therefore there was significant statistical association of headache and Altered Sensorium with TB. In contrary CSF has specific findings in case of TBM. CONCLUSION: In the index study, we found that a significant number of patients diagnosed with PTB when further investigated and evaluated had concomitant EPTB. • PTB was more common in rural areas, whereas EPTB showed no correlation to patient’s habitat. • The most common EPTB associated with PTB was found to be lymph node TB followed by abdominal TB and pleural TB. • Hence, we advise for regular screening for LN-TB and Abdominal TB in all PTB patients. • This co-lateral diagnosis of EPTB is of essentiality as this determines the course of treatment and hence, influencing the relapse, recurrence of the disease and it affects the quality of life. • All these cases who are having EPTB, they were asymptomatic for EPTB. They were found only on deliberate screening for EPTB, which was part of our study. |
| Keywords: | patients with pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. |
| Cite Article: | "Clinical profile of patients with pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis - A Cross Sectional study.", International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.9, Issue 11, page no.6 - 22, November-2024, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2411002.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000204888 |
| ISSN: |
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
| Publication Details: |
Published Paper ID: IJRTI2411002
Registration ID:190437
Published In: Volume 9 Issue 11, November-2024
DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Page No: 6 - 22 Country: Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India Research Area: Medical Science Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2411002 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2411002 |
| Share Article: | |
|
Click Here to Download This Article |
|
| Article Preview | |
|
|
|
Major Indexing from www.ijrti.org
| Google Scholar | ResearcherID Thomson Reuters | Mendeley : reference manager | Academia.edu |
| arXiv.org : cornell university library | Research Gate | CiteSeerX | DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DRJI | Index Copernicus International | Scribd | DocStoc |
ISSN Details
 |
 |
|
ISSN: 2456-3315
Impact Factor: 8.14 and ISSN APPROVED,
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2016
DOI (A digital object identifier)
| Providing A digital object identifier by DOI.ONE How to Get DOI? |
Conference
Open Access License Policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Important Details
Join RMS/Earn 300
WhatsApp
Click Here
Click Here
Indexing Partner |
|||
| Copyright © 2025 - All Rights Reserved - IJRTI | |||