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International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
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Impact Factor : 8.14
Issue per Year : 12
Volume Published : 11
Issue Published : 117
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| Paper Title: | Smart Watches to Monitor Depth of Anesthesia: A Feasibility Study Using Wearable Technology |
| Authors Name: | Rajeev kumar , Dr. Debapriya sarkar , Anurag Sharma |
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IJRTI_206311
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| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2509088 |
| Published In: | Volume 10 Issue 9, September-2025 |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.56975/ijrti.v10i9.206311 |
| Abstract: | Background: Accurate monitoring of the depth of anesthesia (DoA) is essential for ensuring patient safety, optimizing drug titration, and preventing intraoperative awareness or excessive anesthetic administration. While the Bispectral Index (BIS) remains the established standard for DoA monitoring, its high cost and limited availability restrict its use in resource-constrained healthcare settings. In recent years, wearable consumer technologies such as smartwatches—equipped with physiological sensors—have emerged as potential low-cost adjuncts for perioperative monitoring. This study investigates the feasibility of leveraging smartwatch-derived physiological parameters to correlate with BIS-based DoA assessment. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out on 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I–II patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Each patient wore a commercially available smartwatch capable of tracking heart rate variability (HRV), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and movement through accelerometry. These parameters were continuously recorded and analyzed in parallel with intraoperative BIS readings. Correlation analysis was performed, and a machine learning–based integration model was applied to evaluate predictive accuracy. Results: HRV data obtained from smartwatches demonstrated a strong inverse correlation with BIS values (r = –0.68, p < 0.001), suggesting that decreases in HRV reliably reflected deeper levels of anesthesia. SpO₂ fluctuations, particularly during induction and emergence, showed temporal alignment with transitions in anesthetic depth. When HRV and SpO₂ data were processed through a simple artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm, the model achieved 78% accuracy in distinguishing between light and deep anesthesia states. Conclusion: Commercially available smartwatches show promising potential as supplementary tools for DoA monitoring. While they cannot yet replace BIS, their accessibility, affordability, and capacity for continuous data collection position them as valuable alternatives in low-resource environments. With advancements in algorithmic integration and refinement of sensor technology, wearable devices may contribute to the future of personalized, cost-effective perioperative monitoring and broaden access to safe anesthesia care globally. |
| Keywords: | Anesthesia, Smartwatch, Depth of Anesthesia, Wearable Technology, BIS, Heart Rate Variability, Artificial Intelligence |
| Cite Article: | "Smart Watches to Monitor Depth of Anesthesia: A Feasibility Study Using Wearable Technology", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.10, Issue 9, page no.a777-a782, September-2025, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2509088.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000989 |
| ISSN: |
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
| Publication Details: |
Published Paper ID: IJRTI2509088
Registration ID:206311
Published In: Volume 10 Issue 9, September-2025
DOI (Digital Object Identifier): https://doi.org/10.56975/ijrti.v10i9.206311
Page No: a777-a782 Country: pilibhit, uttar pardesh, india Research Area: Health Science Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2509088 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2509088 |
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ISSN: 2456-3315
Impact Factor: 8.14 and ISSN APPROVED,
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2016
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