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International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
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ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
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Impact Factor : 8.14
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| Paper Title: | Brown Dwarf Variability and Formation: Evidence from Kinematics and Multi-Survey Analysis |
| Authors Name: | Abhay vivek siddhartha |
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IJRTI_206246
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| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2509101 |
| Published In: | Volume 10 Issue 9, September-2025 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | Brown dwarfs are failed stars that can’t sustain hydrogen fusion, with masses between roughly 13 and 80 Jupiter masses. We still don’t fully understand how they form or why their brightness varies so much. This paper tackles both questions using data from multiple astronomical surveys. First, we propose that older brown dwarfs should show less infrared variability than younger ones. Why? Older brown dwarfs formed when the Galaxy had fewer metals, leading to thinner clouds in their atmospheres. Thinner clouds mean less dramatic brightness changes as they rotate. We predict that fast-moving brown dwarfs (which tend to be older) should vary about half as much as slow-moving ones. This gives us a new way to estimate brown dwarf ages statistically. Second, we analyzed 2,345 brown dwarfs from SDSS, 2MASS, WISE, and Gaia to map their mass distribution. We found something surprising: there’s a gap where brown dwarfs around 0.03-0.08 solar masses are about 5 times rarer than expected. Below this gap, the numbers rise again. This suggests two different formation paths - heavier brown dwarfs form like stars (from collapsing gas clouds), while lighter ones might form like planets in disks before getting kicked out. These findings connect brown dwarf properties to the Galaxy’s history and suggest we need to rethink how the lowest-mass stars and highest-mass planets form. Future observations with JWST can test our variability predictions and help resolve these formation questions |
| Keywords: | brown dwarfs — infrared: stars — stars: low-mass — stars: atmospheres — Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics |
| Cite Article: | "Brown Dwarf Variability and Formation: Evidence from Kinematics and Multi-Survey Analysis", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.10, Issue 9, page no.b1-b4, September-2025, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2509101.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000700 |
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2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
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Published Paper ID: IJRTI2509101
Registration ID:206246
Published In: Volume 10 Issue 9, September-2025
DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Page No: b1-b4 Country: Nizamabad , Telangana, India Research Area: Physics Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2509101 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2509101 |
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ISSN: 2456-3315
Impact Factor: 8.14 and ISSN APPROVED,
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