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Artificial intelligence has evolved from early rule based systems to modern data centric approache driven by machine learning and deep learning. This paper review major themes that characterize this progression, including foundational modeling frameworks, architectural trends, and domain-specific applications. Classical ML techniques continue to support interpretable decision-making in structured data settings, while DL architectures—such as convolutional networks, recurrent models, and Transformers—enable automatic feature learning and superior performance in high-dimensional tasks. Recent literature demonstrates rapid integration of these methods across healthcare, finance, and communication networks, alongside growing attention to challenges such as data constraints, computational demands, model transparency, and ethical deployment. The review highlights emerging directions including hybrid modeling, privacy-preserving learning, robustness evaluation, and energy-efficient AI. Together, these themes illustrate an increasingly mature field balancing technical innovation with responsible use.
Keywords:
Machine Learning Deep Learning Neural Networks AI Applications in Healthcare AI-Driven Financial Modeling Communication and Networked AI Systems Ethical and Responsible AI Data Requirements and Management Hybrid and Multi-Model AI Approaches
Cite Article:
"Major Themes in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.10, Issue 11, page no.b713-b717, November-2025, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2511178.pdf
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ISSN:
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator