 |
International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 8.14 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(DOI)
|
Issue: April 2026
Volume 11 | Issue 4
Review Result and Publication of Paper within : 2-3 days
Click Here For more DetailsFor Authors
Forms / Download
Published Issue Details
Editorial Board
Other IMP Links
Facts & Figure
Impact Factor : 8.14
Issue per Year : 12
Volume Published : 11
Issue Published : 119
Article Submitted : 23417
Article Published : 9054
Total Authors : 24024
Total Reviewer : 831
Total Countries : 162
Indexing Partner
Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
|
Published Paper Details
|
|
| Paper Title: | A Multilevel Analysis of Large Language Model Adoption in Distance Education |
| Authors Name: | Serap Uğur |
| Download E-Certificate: | Download |
| Author Reg. ID: |
IJRTI_210712
|
| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2603140 |
| Published In: | Volume 11 Issue 3, March-2026 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has significantly influenced distance education practices, yet existing research remains unevenly distributed across system levels. This study presents a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review to examine integration patterns and governance implications of LLM adoption in distance education. Data were collected from Scopus and Web of Science databases, yielding 250 records, of which 170 unique studies were screened and 94 full-text articles were included. Empirical studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT, 2018), indicating predominantly moderate methodological quality. The findings show that LLM adoption is primarily concentrated at the micro level, where models are used as tools or pedagogical assistants, while meso-level integration—particularly through learning management systems and institutional workflows—has increased notably after 2024. In contrast, macro-level governance considerations remain limited. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between publication year and system-level distribution (χ² = 14.53, p < .05, Cramer's V = .28), suggesting a structural shift toward institutional embedding over time. The study contributes to the literature by providing a multilevel analysis of LLM adoption and highlighting emerging governance implications. The results indicate that while integration is expanding across system levels, governance-related considerations are developing more gradually, pointing to an area requiring further empirical and conceptual attention. |
| Keywords: | LLM, AI, Large Language Model, Artificial Intelligence, Distance Education, Educational Technologies. |
| Cite Article: | "A Multilevel Analysis of Large Language Model Adoption in Distance Education", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol.11, Issue 3, page no.b322-b331, March-2026, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2603140.pdf |
| Downloads: | 00085 |
| ISSN: |
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
| Publication Details: |
Published Paper ID: IJRTI2603140
Registration ID:210712
Published In: Volume 11 Issue 3, March-2026
DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Page No: b322-b331 Country: Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Turkey Research Area: Social Science and Humanities Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2603140 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2603140 |
| Share Article: | |
|
Click Here to Download This Article |
|
| Article Preview | |
|
|
|
Major Indexing from www.ijrti.org
| Google Scholar | ResearcherID Thomson Reuters | Mendeley : reference manager | Academia.edu |
| arXiv.org : cornell university library | Research Gate | CiteSeerX | DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DRJI | Index Copernicus International | Scribd | DocStoc |
ISSN Details
 |
 |
|
ISSN: 2456-3315
Impact Factor: 8.14 and ISSN APPROVED,
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2016
DOI (A digital object identifier)
| Providing A digital object identifier by DOI.ONE How to Get DOI? |
Conference
Open Access License Policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Important Details
Join RMS/Earn 300
WhatsApp
Click Here
Click Here
Indexing Partner |
|||
| Copyright © 2026 - All Rights Reserved - IJRTI | |||