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International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
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Volume 11 | Issue 7
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Impact Factor : 8.14
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| Paper Title: | Green and Sustainable Photochemical Carbonylation: Current Trends and Applications |
| Authors Name: | REMA DEVI B , RESHMI R |
| Download E-Certificate: | Download |
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IJRTI_213227
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| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2606029 |
| Published In: | Volume 11 Issue 6, June-2026 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | . Visible-light-driven carbonylation reactions provide an attractive platform for the sustainable synthesis of carbonyl-containing compounds under mild conditions. Traditional carbonylation methods often rely on noble-metal catalysts, high carbon monoxide pressures, and harsh reaction conditions, limiting their practicality. This review highlights key developments in a three-component photochemical carbonylation of aryl halides. These methodologies exploit visible-light irradiation to generate reactive radical intermediates, facilitating carbon–carbon bond formation without external photosensitizers or precious metals. Mechanistic studies reveal diverse pathways, including radical, acylium ion, and electron donor–acceptor complex-mediated processes, providing insights into regio- and chemoselectivity control. This review highlights the progress, mechanistic understanding, and practical applications of sustainable visible-light carbonylation of aryl halides, underscoring its potential in modern organic synthesis. The reaction tolerates a broad range of substituents and diverse alkenes, demonstrating high functional-group compatibility. Recent advances have demonstrated that cobalt carbonyl based systems can rival traditional noble metal catalysts in terms of activity, selectivity, and substrate scope. This methodology offers an efficient and sustainable approach for constructing structurally diverse carbonyl compounds using visible light and an abundant metal source.This protocol highlights the potential of visible-light-mediated strategies using earth-abundant metals for constructing structurally diverse carbonyl-containing compounds in a mild and sustainable manner. Introduction Carbonylation reactions represent one of the most powerful and versatile strategies in organic synthesis for the construction of carbonyl-containing compounds, which are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. Traditional carbonylation methods often rely on noble-metal catalysts, high pressures of carbon monoxide, and harsh reaction conditions, which limit their sustainability and practical applicability. Consequently, the development of mild, efficient, and environmentally benign carbonylation protocols using earth-abundant metals has attracted significant attention in recent years. Photochemical activation has emerged as an effective tool for enabling unconventional reactivity under mild conditions by harnessing visible light as a clean energy source. In particular, visible-light-induced radical processes have opened new avenues for carbon–carbon bond formation, allowing carbonylation reactions to proceed without the need for external photosensitizers or precious-metal catalysts. Among earth-abundant transition metals, metal carbonyl complexes such as cobalt carbonyls are especially attractive due to their dual role as both carbon monoxide sources and reactive intermediates under light irradiation. In this context, Liu and co-workers reported a visible-light-driven three-component carbonylation of aryl halides using cobalt carbonyl under purple LED irradiation. This strategy enables the efficient construction of 1,4-dicarbonyl frameworks through a radical pathway involving aryl halides, carbon monoxide, and alkenes. The method demonstrates broad substrate scope, high functional-group tolerance, and excellent yields under mild conditions, providing a valuable contribution to sustainable photochemical carbonylation chemistry |
| Keywords: | 1,4- DICARBONYL, LED, SET, DBU, CO, Pd. |
| Cite Article: | "Green and Sustainable Photochemical Carbonylation: Current Trends and Applications", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol.11, Issue 6, page no.a257-a294, June-2026, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2606029.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000146 |
| ISSN: |
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
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Published Paper ID: IJRTI2606029
Registration ID:213227
Published In: Volume 11 Issue 6, June-2026
DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Page No: a257-a294 Country: KOLLAM, KERALA, INDIA Research Area: Science Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2606029 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2606029 |
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ISSN: 2456-3315
Impact Factor: 8.14 and ISSN APPROVED,
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